The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and etiology of Nursing Caries (N.C.) in 2 - 4 year old children in Tehran, 1997. Seven hundred and thirty children (378 boys and 352 girls), aged 18 to 54 months, were selected from Health Centers throughout the Greater Tehran. Cases were selected in a randomized multi - stage manner.Results showed a total of 21.1% (154 case) with N.C. A relationship between N.C. and area, sex, patients's age, mother's age, regular dental attendance, feeding through the bottle at night and its content, was found. In conclusion, it is emphasised that the most important etiologic factor in N.C. is feeding with a bottle at night.

Introduction: Clinical supervision, as a mechanism for promoting knowledge and professional skills of nurses, is a core activity in nursing practice. To use clinical supervision in nursing education, it is necessary to have a comprehensive understanding of definitions and models. This paper explains the role and models of clinical supervision in nursing education.Methods: This study is a narrative review of the literature. It was conducted through Internet search in Pubmed and Science direct & Scopus. Using supervision nursing education, nursing administration, and supervisory as the key words, only English papers were searched for. Finally 47 articles, books and Persian article in the field of clinical supervision were reviewed.Results: Based on the literature review, clinical supervision is a continuous & systematic process through it nurses get advice from their supervisors. They practically review, maintain, and develop skills, knowledge, and standards of care. It helps to identify educational needs of nurses, which in turn, helps to understand the strengths and weaknesses of teaching and learning in order to promote purposeful learning in nurses.Conclusion: Findings show clinical supervision is a formal process. it has supportive and educational potential for nursing education. This can help last year nursing students and especially during the start-up work.

Background and Aim: Emotional intelligence is one of the most important factors for success in all aspects of life. Emotional intelligence is the ability to recognize emotions in themselves and others, effective management of emotions, the emotions in their motivation and effective communication. Given the importance of the issue and the lack of nursing research in the field of emotional intelligence in Iran, in this article emotional intelligence in nursing, patterns and measurement methods were discussed.Materials and methods: After searching the database Ovid, Science Direct, Scopus, PubMed, SID, Magiran using keywords intelligence, emotional intelligence, nursing students, Information obtained after review of 47 sources.Conclusion: Emotional intelligence can be positive results, such as socio-emotional success, confidence is high, more life satisfaction, health and social commitment to the cause. Patterns of emotional intelligence considered and Different tools have been designed to measure this type of intelligence.

Evaluating the cutting rate (CR) of stones is important in the cost estimation and the planning of the stone processing plants. This research used regression models to estimate the stones’ CR based on their physico-mechanical characteristics. Stone processing factories in Mahallat City (Markazi province, Iran) were visited, and the CR of diamond circular saws was recorded on six different travertine stones. Next, the stone block samples were collected from the quarries for laboratory tests. Stones’ porosity (n), uniaxial compressive strength (UCS), and Schmidt hammer hardness (SH) were determined in the laboratory as their physico-mechanical characteristics. Correlation relationships of CR with physico-mechanical characteristics were evaluated using simple and multiple regression analyses, and estimator models were developed. Results showed that multiple regression models are more reliable than simple regression for estimating the stones’ CR. The validity of the developed multiple regression models was verified with the published data of one researcher. The findings indicated that these models are accurate enough for estimating the CR of stones. Consequently, the multiple regression models provide practical advantages for estimating the CR and save time and cost during the planning and design of the stone processing factories.

Automatic topic detection seems unavoidable in social media analysis due to big text data which their users generate. Clustering-based methods are one of the most important and up-to-date categories in topic detection. The goal of this research is to have a wide study on this category. Therefore, this paper aims to study the main components of clustering-based-topic-detection, which are embedding methods, distance metrics, and clustering algorithms. Transfer learning and consequently pretrained language models and word embeddings have been considered in recent years. Regarding the importance of embedding methods, the efficiency of five new embedding methods, from earlier to recent ones, are compared in this paper. To conduct our study, two commonly used distance metrics, in addition to five important clustering algorithms in the field of topic detection, are implemented by the authors. As COVID-19 has turned into a hot trending topic on social networks in recent years, a dataset including one-month tweets collected with COVID-19-related hashtags is used for this study. More than 7500 experiments are performed to determine tunable parameters. Then all combinations of embedding methods, distance metrics and clustering algorithms (50 combinations) are evaluated using Silhouette metric. Results show that T5 strongly outperforms other embedding methods, cosine distance is weakly better than other distance metrics, and DBSCAN is superior to other clustering algorithms.

Aim & Background: Nursing caries (NC) refers to a special type of caries that generally affect 2-4 years old children, showing different prevalence rates in various societies. The goal of this study was to investigate the prevalence rate of this type of caries in the west region of Mazandaran.Methods & Materials: In This descriptive - cross sectional study, 255 children, 2-4 years old, consisting of 127 boys and 128 girls, from nurseries and hygiene houses in Chaloos, Tonekabon and Ramsar cities were investigated. A questionnaire was completed by their mothers carefully about gender, age, order of birth, mother education, the breast - feeding or the bottle feeding. The children were examined by a senior student of dentistry under the natural light by a mirror.Caries, minimally of two maxillary incisors, were also considered as an index. The data were analyzed by SPSS soft ware and submitted to statistical analyses of X2 and Fisher exact tests.Results: The results of this study showed that from among 255 children, age ranging from 2-4 years old, sixty of them (27.5% of the population) was affected with nursing caries. The prevalence of NC among boys and girls were 33.9% and 21.1%, respectively with a more prevalence among 3-4 years old children than 2-3 years oldones.NC did not show any significant relation with mother's education, order of birth, being breast - fed, milk - feeding before sleep and its duration, but a positive correlation was found between NC and sugary snacks.Conclusion: The prevalence of NC, in the west of Mazandaran, was found 27.5% more than Tehran and Mashhad. There was no significant relationship between NC and breast - feeding.